What are place prepositions?
Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".
In - Is usually used to state that someone or something is in a (the boundaries can be physical or virtual place.
On - Is usually used to state someone or something is on top of a surface.
At - Is usually used to state something or someone is at a specific place.
How to use a prepositions?
1. The prepositions usually comes before the noun.
2. Prepositions can be used with all forms of nouns (e.g. collective nouns, pronouns etc).
3. Prepositions can't come after a verb, but can be used before a gerund or verb in noun form.
4. The rules above do not change and there are no exceptions to the rules.
We use :
* at for a PRECISE TIME
* in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
* on for DAYS and DATES
Prepositions of place are used to clarify a specific place. Place prepositions are used with all nouns. The preposition usually comes before the noun or the pronoun. The preposition never comes before a verb.
Common Place Prepositions:
aboard - She is aboard the boat.
above - The picture is above the sofa.
across - My house is across the street.
against - The desk is against the wall.
around - My house is around the block.
at - Is your house at the end of the street.
Time prepositions are used to define time. Prepositions usually come before a noun or pronoun. Prepositions never come after a verb.
* after - I will be there after work.
* around - We will be there around 3 PM
* before - I will be there before I go to school.
* between - I will be there
Use 'in' with spaces:
* in a room / in a building
* in a garden / in a park
Use 'in' with bodies of water:
* in the water
* in the sea
* in a river
Use 'in' with lines:
* in a row / in a line
* in a queue
Use 'at' with places:
* at the bus-stop
* at the door
* at the cinema
* at the end of the street
Use 'at' with places on a page:
* at the top of the page
* at the bottom of the page
Use 'at' in groups of people:
* at the back of the class
* at the front of the class
Use 'on' with surfaces:
* on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
* on the table
Use 'on' with small islands:
* I stayed on Maui.
Use 'on' with directions:
* on the left
* on the right
* straight on
IMPORTANT NOTES
In / at / on the corner
We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
In / at / on the front
* We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
* We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of people
* We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
Rabu, 02 Mei 2012
Selasa, 01 Mei 2012
Asking if someone remember or not
Definition :
Asking if someone remember or not can be explained is as a situation when we ask to someone about something ( usually seriously ) that they remember or not remember about it.
Purpose :
Purpose of the topic is to remember someone about something that important.
Example :
1. Formal expression
v Example :
a. I wonder if you remember …
b. You remember … , don’t you ?
c. You haven’t forgotten …, have you ?
d. Don’t you remember … ?
e. Do you happen to remember it now ?
v Respond :
a. Let me think, Yes I remember.
b. I remember especially the scenery
c. I’ll never forget about that.
d. I’ll always remember.
e. I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expression :
v Example :
a. Remember the old house we used to live in ?
b. Remember that ?
c. I’m sorry I don’t remember.
v Respond :
a. Hold on. Yes, got it !
b. I know …
c. It’s coming back to me now.
v Respond if forget :
a. Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten
b. I’m afraid I forget
c. I really can’t remember
d. I’m afraid I have no memory of him
e. Let me think. No, it’s gone
Example dialogue :
1. On Sunday Bagus up early, then she showered and wearing office clothes.
Irfan : Hey, Olvie. Where would you wear service dress ?
Bagus : I want to go to the office, why ?
Irfan : Did you forget? This is the day of the week!
Bagus : Oh my God! I forgot! Hahaha -,-
Asking if someone remember or not can be explained is as a situation when we ask to someone about something ( usually seriously ) that they remember or not remember about it.
Purpose :
Purpose of the topic is to remember someone about something that important.
Example :
1. Formal expression
v Example :
a. I wonder if you remember …
b. You remember … , don’t you ?
c. You haven’t forgotten …, have you ?
d. Don’t you remember … ?
e. Do you happen to remember it now ?
v Respond :
a. Let me think, Yes I remember.
b. I remember especially the scenery
c. I’ll never forget about that.
d. I’ll always remember.
e. I can remember it clearly.
2. Informal expression :
v Example :
a. Remember the old house we used to live in ?
b. Remember that ?
c. I’m sorry I don’t remember.
v Respond :
a. Hold on. Yes, got it !
b. I know …
c. It’s coming back to me now.
v Respond if forget :
a. Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten
b. I’m afraid I forget
c. I really can’t remember
d. I’m afraid I have no memory of him
e. Let me think. No, it’s gone
Example dialogue :
1. On Sunday Bagus up early, then she showered and wearing office clothes.
Irfan : Hey, Olvie. Where would you wear service dress ?
Bagus : I want to go to the office, why ?
Irfan : Did you forget? This is the day of the week!
Bagus : Oh my God! I forgot! Hahaha -,-
Offering Expression
Offering services used to offer services or assistance to others.
Offering to older people :
* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Ardi?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Rio?
* Would you care some salad?
Offering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself
Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don’t you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
Declining an offering :
* No, thanks.
* No, really won’t, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering :
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I’d like it very much
* That would be very nice
Offering to older people :
* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Ardi?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Rio?
* Would you care some salad?
Offering to friends:
* Want some?
* Have some?
* Chocolate?
* Grab some for yourself
Less formal expressions:
* Would you like to have a pancake?
* Why don’t you have some lemonade?
* What can I get for you?
* What will you have?
Declining an offering :
* No, thanks.
* No, really won’t, thanks
* Not for me, thanks.
Accepting an offering :
* Thank you.
* Yes, please
* I’d like it very much
* That would be very nice
Simple Future Tense
Definition of simple future tense :
Simple future tense is a verb tense expressing future time.
When we use the Simple Future Tense ?
We use the Simple Future tense when we want to talk about future actions or happenings.
PATTERN :
*Going to
A. Verb
(+) S + To be + Going to + Verb I + O + Adverb
(-) S + To be + Not + Going to + Verb I + Adverb
(?) To be + S + Going to + Verb I + O + Adverb
Example :
(+) You are going to read news paper Tomorrow
(-) You are not going to read news paper Tomorrow
(?) Are you going to read news paper Tomorrow ?
Respond : Yes, I am
B. Non Verb
(+) S + To be + Going to + Be + Adjective
(-) S + To be + Not + Going to + Be + Adjective
(?) To be + S + Going to + Be + Adjective
Example :
(+) My father is going to be happy
(-) My father is not going to be happy
(?) Is my father going to be happy ?
Respond :
- Yes, He is
- No, He is not
*Will
(+) S + Will + Verb I + Adverb
(-) S + Will + Not + Verb I + Adverb
(?) Will + S + Verb I + Adverb ?
Example :
- They will visit Tokyo
- They will not visit Tokyo
- Will They visit Tokyo ?
Respond :
- Yes, I will
- No, I won’t
- Sure
- Of Course
- Yes
What is the difference between “will” dan “going to” ?
*We usually use going to when the situation is planned
*We usually use will + verb when the situation is unplanned or informal writing.
Note :
· “ TO BE” – PRESENT ( Is, Am, Are )
· Time signal : Later, Tomorrow, Next … ( Next week, Next month, Next year, Next century ), Next Time, etc.
Simple future tense is a verb tense expressing future time.
When we use the Simple Future Tense ?
We use the Simple Future tense when we want to talk about future actions or happenings.
PATTERN :
*Going to
A. Verb
(+) S + To be + Going to + Verb I + O + Adverb
(-) S + To be + Not + Going to + Verb I + Adverb
(?) To be + S + Going to + Verb I + O + Adverb
Example :
(+) You are going to read news paper Tomorrow
(-) You are not going to read news paper Tomorrow
(?) Are you going to read news paper Tomorrow ?
Respond : Yes, I am
B. Non Verb
(+) S + To be + Going to + Be + Adjective
(-) S + To be + Not + Going to + Be + Adjective
(?) To be + S + Going to + Be + Adjective
Example :
(+) My father is going to be happy
(-) My father is not going to be happy
(?) Is my father going to be happy ?
Respond :
- Yes, He is
- No, He is not
*Will
(+) S + Will + Verb I + Adverb
(-) S + Will + Not + Verb I + Adverb
(?) Will + S + Verb I + Adverb ?
Example :
- They will visit Tokyo
- They will not visit Tokyo
- Will They visit Tokyo ?
Respond :
- Yes, I will
- No, I won’t
- Sure
- Of Course
- Yes
What is the difference between “will” dan “going to” ?
*We usually use going to when the situation is planned
*We usually use will + verb when the situation is unplanned or informal writing.
Note :
· “ TO BE” – PRESENT ( Is, Am, Are )
· Time signal : Later, Tomorrow, Next … ( Next week, Next month, Next year, Next century ), Next Time, etc.
Asking for Information Using WH Questions
Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.
The use of WH-Questions :
What
When
Where
Why
Who
How
Combined with to be
What is ……. Your name?
When was ……. He born?
Where are ………. The tickets?
Why were …………. They here?
Who are ……….. Those people?
How is ……. Puput?
Combined with auxiliary verbs or Modals
What do …………
When did …………
Where shall ……..
Why does ……..
Who might ……
How could …….
etc
Asking for information:
I’d like to know about this movie
I’m interested in the characters
Could you tell me more about it?
Do you know the plot?
Could you find out the solution?
Could I ask about the conflict?
Do you happen to know the writer?
Etc.
Guessing:
I’d say … I know where to find the pen
It could be … somewhere in the canteen
Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf
I think it’s … not there anymore
It looks like … someone has taken the book
It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess …
It’s being borrowed by a student
Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for...
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I’m calling to find out…
· I’m calling about…
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a white board
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. Andre? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Nadya? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Tyng? He’s in the restaurant.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious
The use of WH-Questions :
What
When
Where
Why
Who
How
Combined with to be
What is ……. Your name?
When was ……. He born?
Where are ………. The tickets?
Why were …………. They here?
Who are ……….. Those people?
How is ……. Puput?
Combined with auxiliary verbs or Modals
What do …………
When did …………
Where shall ……..
Why does ……..
Who might ……
How could …….
etc
Asking for information:
I’d like to know about this movie
I’m interested in the characters
Could you tell me more about it?
Do you know the plot?
Could you find out the solution?
Could I ask about the conflict?
Do you happen to know the writer?
Etc.
Guessing:
I’d say … I know where to find the pen
It could be … somewhere in the canteen
Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf
I think it’s … not there anymore
It looks like … someone has taken the book
It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess …
It’s being borrowed by a student
Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for...
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I’m calling to find out…
· I’m calling about…
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a white board
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. Andre? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Nadya? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Tyng? He’s in the restaurant.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious
Modal in the Past Form
1. Could + Verb base
• To offer suggestions or possibilities
Example:
Jason : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
Nate : Don’t worry, Jason. You could borrow my shorts.
Mitchie : I’m having trouble with English.
Demi : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you.
• To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example:
Mitchie : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree?
Shane : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Selena : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.
• To express polite requests
Example:
* Could I borrow your pencil (please)?
* Could you lend me your jacket now?
* Could you please close the door?
* Could you pass the salt?
2. Would + Verb base
• For an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example:
* When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
* On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
• Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences
Example:
Troy : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Ryan : I would rather go to the party than stay home.
Gabriella : Which country would you rather visit?
Sharpay : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
• To express polite requests
Example:
Nick : Would you mind cycling with me, Selena?
Selena : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Joey : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary?
Mary : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
• To give definite advice (advisability)
Example:
Mom : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Mitchie : Joe : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible.
Kevin : Yes, I know I should.
• To express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example:
* You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
* They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
* Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
• To tell possibilities
Example:
Nick : Where is Joe?
Kevin : He might be in the studio with Stella.
• To express polite requests
Example:
Demi : Might I borrow your coat?
Miley : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.
• To offer suggestions or possibilities
Example:
Jason : Oh, no! I left my shorts.
Nate : Don’t worry, Jason. You could borrow my shorts.
Mitchie : I’m having trouble with English.
Demi : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you.
• To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example:
Mitchie : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree?
Shane : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
Selena : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?
Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster.
• To express polite requests
Example:
* Could I borrow your pencil (please)?
* Could you lend me your jacket now?
* Could you please close the door?
* Could you pass the salt?
2. Would + Verb base
• For an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example:
* When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
* On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
• Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences
Example:
Troy : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?
Ryan : I would rather go to the party than stay home.
Gabriella : Which country would you rather visit?
Sharpay : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.
• To express polite requests
Example:
Nick : Would you mind cycling with me, Selena?
Selena : No, not at all. It would be nice.
Joey : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary?
Mary : No problem.
3. Should + Verb base
• To give definite advice (advisability)
Example:
Mom : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Mitchie : Joe : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible.
Kevin : Yes, I know I should.
• To express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example:
* You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
* They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
* Application should be sent before March 25th.
4. Might + Verb base
• To tell possibilities
Example:
Nick : Where is Joe?
Kevin : He might be in the studio with Stella.
• To express polite requests
Example:
Demi : Might I borrow your coat?
Miley : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.
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